Breaking the Norm Essay

A norm is something that is usual, typical, or standard of something in society. Some examples of a norm are going to school, taking a bath, sleeping at night, wearing clothes in public, and eating breakfast lunch and dinner. All those things are stuff we do in our everyday lives and don’t think about it, we just do it because it is normal and it has been taught to us since we have been very little. If you end up breaking the norm though, people will look at you differently and you could really stand out from everyone around you. I am going to challenge this and break the norm to see what other people do and think around me. What I am going to do to break the norm is go to the grocery store with my mom and instead of walking everywhere, I am going to skip. I am going to start skipping right when I get out of the car into the parking lot until the time I get back in the car after shopping. I am even going to skip when I am standing in the checkout line. When I do this I think people are going to give me really weird looks and look annoyed that I am skipping everywhere. I also think my mom is going to feel embarrassed to walk with me. When I broke the norm by skipping everywhere in the grocery store I got the weirdest looks from people, but some people smiled and laughed. I did not tell my mom that I was going to do this and I did not tell her that this was a project. At first my mom laughed, but then she got really annoyed and yelled at me and told me to stop but I didn’t listen to her and kept going. At one point she tried walking in front of me because she didn’t want to be seen with me. All the other people just stared at me with weird faces on and when I would look back I could see them laughing and talking about me. At first when I got out of the car I felt kind of embarrassed to do this because it is not the normal thing to do. As I proceeded to do it though it got easier and I knew I was going to be right about all the people looking at me with weird looks and my mom being annoyed of me and embarrassed to be with me. The lady in the checkout line looked very confused and uncomfortable when I was just skipping in place; she looked like she didn’t know what to do. I just kept skipping though and minding my own business and acting like nothing was wrong. People in today’s society do normal things every single day. When we see someone breaking the norm, like I did, you think twice about that person and wonder what they are thinking. If Americans see someone from another country wearing a turban, or seeing the Chinese foot binding, or seeing different tribes from Africa putting copper rings around the girls necks to make them longer we tend to judge them and wonder what they were thinking. Other Countries could think we are different and not normal too when they see us with mohawks or tattoos or piercings. Those things are normal to us but not normal to other people. When you break the norm you get a really good feel on how everyone does the normal things every day and doesn’t think twice about it until you see someone else breaking the norm.

Impact of Interest and taxes on Investment

Abstraction This paper investigates the impact of involvement and revenue enhancements on investing with some altering during the period 1999 – 2009. Investing I as dependant variable and involvement R and revenue enhancements Tare used as independent variable, the ordinary least square ( OLS ) technique has been used to happen relation between revenue enhancements and involvement on investing, in consequences we observed that fluctuation of involvement R and revenue enhancements T has strong consequence on Investing I. But the consequence of F-statistics shows that involvement and revenue enhancements, the independent variables are non strongly set uping investing together, there is no strong relation between involvement and revenue enhancements on Investment. Government should follow the expansionary financial policy i.e. authorities have to take down direct revenue enhancements, give revenue enhancement vacations in some country which will back up investors to put more in economic syst em of Pakistan. On the other side cardinal bank has to play strong function to pull investors to put in economic system by expansionary pecuniary policy either it is qualitative or quantitative. Introduction Investing in Pakistan is study undertaken by us to supply information on corporate, fiscal, revenue enhancement and general facets of investing in Pakistan. In Pakistan the policies of investing have been characterized by steady moves to deregulating, denationalization and liberalization.. The way of the policies has been consistent, marketed, and business-friendly. The Government has taken major stairss to speed up coders to turn to investors ‘ concerns, new sector and export publicity support steps are being implemented, full support to bing and new investings is being provided, the denationalization plan is being given high precedence, the duty and revenue enhancement systems and related establishments are being restructured, streamlined and a cardinal dismantlement of the bureaucratic civilization is underway. Investing straight hit by the involvement rate and revenue enhancements on the economic system of the state because at the Pakistan semen into being in 1948, when Pakistan economic system wholly depends on the agribusiness after the authorities made a program and developed some industries which fundamentally base of the agricultural merchandises merely like fabric and nutrient treating units. At present the economic system of Pakistan is the twenty-seventh largest economic system in the universe in footings of buying power, and the 48th largest in absolute dollar footings. And now harmonizing to study Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economic system and whose industries come these are fabrics, chemicals, nutrient processing, agribusiness and other industries. Due to Growth of population in the state disturbs the economic growing and secondly disturbs the economic growing due to political instability in the state. In the old ages 1960 the so authorities made a program for economic growing and acquire the consequence on it, on the focal point the south Korea use this policy and now go a tiger in the universe economic system, but due to political instability and every political leader non given the proper attending on the improvement of the economic system of Pakistan but they merely become a selfish for himself due to this Pakistan economic system is severely affected and Pakistan became a hapless province in the universe economic system. Due attending of Musharaf authorities and economic reform the GDP growing, spurred by additions in the industrial and service sectors, remained in the 6-8 % scope in 2004-06 In the World Bank named Pakistan the top reformist in its part and in the top 10 reformists globally. Harmonizing to the financial shortage – the consequence of inveterate low revenue enhancement aggregation and increased disbursement, including Reconstruction costs from the lay waste toing Kashmir temblor in 2005 was manageable. Over the last few old ages the Govt. of Pakistani, granted plentiful inducements to engineering companies wishing to make concern in Pakistan. A combination of decade-plus revenue enhancement vacations, zero responsibilities on computing machine imports, authorities inducements for venture capital and a assortment of plans for subsidising proficient instruction, are intended to give drift to the nascent Information Technology industry. This in recent old ages has resulted in impressive growing in that sector. Due to incorrect determination on the political forepart and the authorities himself involved in the war against panic on the petition of the USA the economic system of Pakistan is severely affected and now economic system on the aid of the fund received from the USA authorities.Literature reappraisalTheoretical backgroundInvesting is made if the expected rate of return additions from the involvement rate. Investings are non made when involvement rate increase the expected rate of return.There is negative relationship between involvement rate and investing ; this means that as involvement rate falls, investing rises and the opposite when involvement rate rises there is lessening in investing. The effectivity of pecuniary and financial policies and the attendant prompt of growing can, among other factors, crucially depend on the involvement snap of investing. If investing is strongly determined by rate of involvement, the deduction is that a high degree of aggregative demand can be ac hieved by pecuniary policy. Interest on the investing mean the derived income on it, when any party installed any undertaking and put their sums on it and acquire the return and other beginnings of involvement agencies if the fund invest in the bank and in authorities securities and gets the returns on their investing if rate is higher the income is the higher if the income derived is non sufficient it is lower the rate involvement. Tax on investing is the revenue enhancement on the return earned on it investing every authorities made a budgets and cipher the revenue enhancement aggregation on the side of investing therefore revenue enhancement aggregation is a portion of investing. The chief beginnings for running the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours matter of the state is the revenue enhancement aggregation from the industries or on the involvement derived on the investing fund.In Pakistan monetarily policy is the chief tools of involvement rate if the rate of involvement is higher the investing from domestic and foreign influx in the state and if the involvement rate is lower both domestic and foreign investing is outflow because in developing state depreciation of the currency is the chief menace for the investing If the cardinal bank increase the involvement rate, investing in the industrial sector is non made and people invest their excess financess in the bank and earn net income on it no uncertaint y the revenue enhancement aggregation base made strong but on the other side chance of occupations and development undertaking of the state is cut down and rising prices is rises and rate of the trade goods become dearly-won due to increase the demand from the people if the rate of involvement is low the sufficient financess are invested in the industrial sector because there is no chance is available for the populace to put their fund and earns better net incomes on the other side occupation chance is besides created.Empirical relationM. S. Feldstein, J. S. Flemming ( 1971 ) this paper has used a generalised neoclassical investing map to measure the effects of revenue enhancement policy on investing in Britain during the period from 1954 through 1967. The estimations show that both the accelerated depreciation allowances and the usage of differential revenue enhancement to bring on the keeping of corporate net incomes had significant and important impacts on investing behaviour. Si mulations with the investing equation showed that the additions in depreciation allowances accounted for about 45 per cent of net capital accretion in the period after 1954. Until differential net incomes revenue enhancement ended in 1958, it raised one-year investing by some & A ; lb ; 240 million or about 15 per cent of gross investing. If differential net incomes revenue enhancement had non been abandoned in 1958, the capital stock would hold been greater when the corporation revenue enhancement reintroduced a keeping inducement in 1966. In short, both types of revenue enhancement policy had of import effects on capital accretion. Robert E. Hall ( 1977 ) the response of investing outgo to alterations in involvement rates is at the bosom of any analysis of stabilisation policy. The more sensitive the response, the more potent is pecuniary policy and the weaker is financial outgo policy Economists do non look to be ready to do precise statements about the effects of stabilisation policies on gross national merchandise. This paper has focused on the function of the investing procedure in stabilisation. The IS-LM theoretical account makes it clear how of import the negative response of in- vestment to involvement rates is in restricting the consequence of outgo policy and supplying the chief immediate consequence of pecuniary policy. Empirical grounds on the involvement and gas pedal responses of investing is weak, nevertheless. The computations at the beginning of the paper do propose that the conventional estimation for the consequence of outgo increases-about $ 1.5 billion in GNP in the first twelvemonth for ea ch $ 1 billion of expenditure-is likely on the high side. Indeed, absolutely sensible premises give rise to effects merely half as big. A difficult expression at the limited grounds on the IS curve makes sole trust on outgo policy seem an unwise attack to stabilisation. The same factors that make one policy weak make the other strong. Given the uncertainness about these factors, particularly about the incline of the IS curve, it would do sense to follow balanced combinations of stabilisation policies. The negative covariance of the effects of the policies would do the uncertainness about the consequence of the entire bundle less than the uncertainness about any single constituent. The design of stabilisation policies needs to protect against the really existent possibility of a level IS curve Martin Feldstein ( 1982 ) this paper presents econometric grounds on the consequence of revenue enhancement inducements on concern investing in the United States in the period from 1953 through 1978. The analysis emphasize that the interaction of rising prices and bing revenue enhancement regulations has contributed well to the diminution of concern investing since the late 1960's.He examines how the interaction of rising prices and revenue enhancement regulations affects the demand for ingestion in general and for lodging capital in peculiar. Further surveies should be done on the effects of rising prices and revenue enhancement regulations on the demand for authorities debt, on fiscal markets, and on international capital flows. More information about investing behaviour could be developed by using the three theoretical accounts of the current paper on a more disaggregated footing. Lazaros E. Molho ( 1986 ) the intent of this paper is to sharpen apprehension of these two hypotheses through usage of an analytical theoretical account that allows expressed intervention of the inter-temporal facets of the propositions. The theoretical account underscores the interval in the consequence of involvement rates on investing, nest eggs, and asset-holding determinations and shows that the McKinnon-Shaw theses are reciprocally compatible. The McKinnon-Shaw theoretical accounts stress different facets of the effects of involvement rate liberalisation in a financially pent-up economic system. McKinnon ( 1973 ) focused on the linkage between internally financed investing and the sedimentation rate, whereas Shaw ( 1973 ) highlighted the importance of fiscal deepening and external funding. The two attacks complement each other because most undertakings are financed in portion with ain financess and in portion with adoptions. This paper has illustrated how the two positions can be integrated without changing their basic decisions. The theoretical theoretical account presented here has suggested that involvement rates affect expenditure-saving determinations through a complex and, perchance, really long slowdown. Furthermore, in the presence of inflationary uncertainness, the ex ante current existent sedimentation rate may be a map of ex station past rates, farther perplexing this slowdown construction. Statistical trials of the complementarily hypothesis are therefore likely to necessitate long involvement rate series, which may be un- available for many developing states. In position of the serious informations restrictions, it is possibly most desirable to seek to gauge reduced-form nest eggs and investing equations instead than to try a finding of the precise transmittal mechanism for involvement rate alterations. Barry Bosworth and Gary Burtless ( 1992 ) the purpose of this paper is to measure whether the ends of increased labour supply and capital formation were achieved. The paper begins by depicting the revenue enhancement reforms of the 1980s, a more hard undertaking than it may foremost look, since coincident alterations in different commissariats of the revenue enhancement codification frequently had opposite effects. For illustration, lower income revenue enhancements in the early 1980s were equalize for most taxpayers by higher paysheet revenue enhancements. In the undermentioned treatment of the consequence of the revenue enhancement alterations, it should go clear why economic experts disagree. Noticeable additions occurred among earners in the most flush households, who enjoyed the largest fringy revenue enhancement cuts, and particularly among married adult females in those households, who were predicted to be the most antiphonal to revenue enhancement cuts. However, much of the a ddition in labour supply can non be attributed to revenue enhancement reform, since it was concentrated among hapless families that were unaffected by revenue enhancement alterations. Much of the rush in aggregative supply in the 1980s was obviously due to factors other than revenue enhancement reform. The success of revenue enhancement reform in raising labour supply was at least partially offset by its failure to raise or even keep capital investing. While we do non reason that investing revenue enhancement inducements were entirely uneffective, thefact that net investing fell as a portion of national income over the decennary shows the bounds of even monolithic microeconomic revenue enhancement inducements.Modeling ModelThe theoretical account to look into the interaction of involvement rate and revenue enhancements utilizing the investing map frame work. The general investing map is: Where I is investing, R is the involvement rate and T is authorities revenue enhancements The methodological analysis used for the survey is OLS ordinary least square method. The Ordinary Least Squares method of appraisal can easy be extended to theoretical accounts affecting two or more explanatory variables. Study illustrates on variable R and T with I the dependant variable. Therefore the theoretical account is: Where, is the error term, in the above equation and are expected to be positive and: I: investing R: Interest Thymine: TaxsAppraisal and ConsequenceVariableCo-efficientt- statisticsProbabilityC663874.8 3.114399 0.0170R-1.567021 -0.513577 0.6234Thymine1.095007 4.185672 0.0041 R-squared = 0.825423 Adjusted R-squared = 0.775544 F-statistics = 16.54845 The information of dependant variable and independent variable is dependable because ? & A ; lt ; 10 % . So, we can state that the information is dependable. We observed that fluctuation of involvement R and revenue enhancements T has strong consequence on Investing I. But the consequence of F-statistics shows that involvement and revenue enhancements, the independent variables are non strongly set uping investing together, there is no strong relation between involvement and revenue enhancements on Investment.DecisionAfter gauging the old 10 old ages informations of involvement, revenue enhancements and investing of Pakistan, we reached to decision that both revenue enhancements and involvement have a strong impact on investing. Direct revenue enhancements have a strong impact on investing, investor when puting considers the revenue enhancements imposed by the authorities. Interest rate besides have an impact on investing, investor see the cost of capital and return on investing whil e puting, if rate of return is greater than involvement rate and cost of capital than investors invest in the concern. So, we concluded that involvement and revenue enhancements has impact on investing and F-statistics tells us there are some other factors present in economic system that are set uping investing and investing is non merely effected by revenue enhancements and involvement. Other factors may be aggregative ingestion and economy of state, possible income of the state and jurisprudence and order state of affairss etc.Policy RecommendationAt present the authorities of Pakistan and Central Bank of the state uses the tight pecuniary policy under which base rate of involvement is controlled because the state is in clasp of high rising prices and worldwide inauspicious economic status, due to which influx of investing is non coming and on the other side currency depreciation twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours from this involvement rate is non sufficient against their inve sting farther on the other side industrial growing is slow down, due to adverse economic status, this reflect the incompetency on the authorities side. In this status the policy recommendation to turn the investing in Pakistan, authorities should follow the expansionary financial policy i.e. authorities have to take down direct revenue enhancements, give revenue enhancement vacations in some country which will back up investors to put more in economic system of Pakistan. Further authorities should pass more for public assistance of Pakistan to give secure environment for investors. By making this we can turn our industries. On the other side cardinal bank has to play strong function to pull investors to put in economic system by expansionary pecuniary policy either it is qualitative or quantitative. In quantitative policy, in price reduction rate policy, cardinal bank should cut down price reduction rate to pull investors, in unfastened market operation cardinal bank should publish less securities which will increase investing in existent sector, hard currency modesty ratio must be decreased to increase imparting capacity of commercial Bankss to increase investing, in liquidness ratio cardinal bank should cut down liquidness ratio which will increase investing and in recognition rationing limit cardinal bank should increase recognition bound of commercial bank which increases the loaning capacity which increases investing. In qualitative recognition control maximal bound should be increased to increase investing and margin demand should be minimized by cardinal bank on securities to promote investing.

Global Education Workshop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Education Workshop - Essay Example Audience of the Project: The main audience of this project would be the educators, the school leaders and the community members who need to be educated about the importance of global education in the area. And the secondary audience of the global education workshop would be the school children who would be given the briefing about the importance of global education in their school environment to become a responsible global citizen. Global Education Model for Workshop: The model for global education workshop would be based on developing the understanding of values, attitudes, skills and knowledge within the group of educators, teachers, school leaders and the community members on how they can be a responsible citizens and how they can develop their own understanding about the developmental, political, humanitarian and societal issues in addressing the problems of their communities. The workshop would long for 9 hours for just a day. The workshop should work on the following guidelines : 1- Clarification of the goals and objectives such as what kind of message is centered for the audience at the end of the workshop? What are the major goals behind conducting the workshop? The strategy and the action plan according to which it is being organized. 2- Involvement of the primary audience and the partnering organization. It is important to target audience from different communities and cultural backgrounds and each one should be assigned with a specific task according to their role. It is equally important to understand that how each one of them fulfills the assigned role and responsibility. 3- Action Plan includes that how the organizers can develop relationship between the content and the audience to increase their involvement according to their... The model for global education workshop would be based on developing the understanding of values, attitudes, skills and knowledge within the group of educators, teachers, school leaders and the community members on how they can be a responsible citizens and how they can develop their own understanding about the developmental, political, humanitarian and societal issues in addressing the problems of their communities. The workshop would long for 9 hours for just a day. The workshop should work on the following guidelines:The model for global education workshop would be based on developing the understanding of values, attitudes, skills and knowledge within the group of educators, teachers, school leaders and the community members on how they can be a responsible citizens and how they can develop their own understanding about the developmental, political, humanitarian and societal issues in addressing the problems of their communities. The workshop would long for 9 hours for just a day. The workshop should work on the following guidelines:1- Clarification of the goals and objectives such as what kind of message is centered for the audience at the end of the workshop? What are the major goals behind conducting the workshop? The strategy and the action plan according to which it is being organized.2- Involvement of the primary audience and the partnering organization. It is important to target audience from different communities and cultural backgrounds and each one should be assigned with a specific task according to their role. It is equally important to understand that how each one of them fulfills the assigned role and responsibility.3- Action Plan includes that how the organizers can develop the relationship between the content and the audience to increase their involvement according to their environment and location.4- Timing, budget, and human resources also play an important role in structuring the model for global education workshop.5- Develop an activity o utcome chart for each action taught to the participants.  

Leadership and Team Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership and Team - Assignment Example She even scores high in conscientiousness because she is efficient and well organized as the case informs that she is the first to be at the meeting and she takes the initiative of setting the entire meeting room. She even scores high in extraversion as she is quite energetic in nature, for example: she has already obtained the acceptance from her finance team for the project. She also scores high in agreeableness as she is quite friendly with others such as Laura as she listens to Laura’s family issues and even inquires about those issues. 2. There are two kinds of self monitors, one are those who are regarded as high self monitors and others are regarded as self monitors. Those who are high self monitors keep an eye on the social setting they are situated in and after analyzing the social setting, they alter themselves to fit in the social setting. Laura has a low self monitoring tendency as she does not really care about the setting she is in and she exhibits what she reall y is. For example: In a business meeting she starts talking about the health condition of her child and the issues she is facing at home with Alan. Secondly, she is ready to pour in ideas without being concerned whether those ideas will fit the situation or not. She does not care about the feedback of others and is ready to jump in any conversation as a person who has lower level of self monitoring does. 3. The group is in the storming stage of the group development stages. In this stage, different members have conflict with each other (Jacobs 38). For example: there is a conflict between Amanda and Alan within the case. Although Alan has already gained the green light from her finance team on the project, Amanda still wants her finance team to analyze the project and wants to obtain a green light from them. Secondly, there is struggle for power clearly evident in the case as both Amanda and Alan are trying to lead the team and even the roles of different team members are not clear as Laura inquires whether Alan is the leader of the team. Alan is even fighting for power as she states that even though officially she has not been made the leader, but since her team came up with the project, so she is the leader. 4. The group is not going to experience and at the moment it is not experiencing the issue of group think as the case states that even though Alan had gained acceptability from her finance team, Amanda still wants to confirm from her finance team. But certain incidences of group thinking have taken place, for example: acceptance of Laura’s suggestion for the song that will be played with the television commercial. The group is surely going to face the issue of social loafing as the size of the group is quite huge and except Amanda, Laura and Alan, other group members have failed to contribute much. In order to save the group from facing the threat of social loafing the group leader has to create an environment where all team members can contribute and by obtaining suggestions regarding the project form every team member. 5. The organizational structure is a very healthy one as it is a bottom up structure where those who are in the lower sections of the organization are taken into consideration while decisions are made. This is witness able from the fact that Alan came up with the project which was then approved by the top level management and even Alan got a heads up from its finance department. This shows that the top level management is dependent on the lower level management for decision making. This kind of structure can be proved to be very fruitful for the organization as the lower

Response to Progressive Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to Progressive Reforms - Essay Example The writer of rough draft 2 is of the opinion that progressive reformers did restrain the power of American capitalism. According to the writer, the progressive reformers were successful in their quest by demanding better-working conditions, regulating the economy, and fighting for women rights. The writer’s draft captures the socio-economic part of the reform movement but does not expound on the political aspects that the reformers sought to improve. As such, this draft would be improved by noting that progressive reformers had an impact on American politics by changing the policies and principles that the nation was founded on.   Progressive reformers had an impact on domestic policies as they advocated for the protection of the poor and workers from capitalists tendencies through anti-trust laws. Also, progressive reformers called for redistribution of resources and government regulation of commerce and production. Mooney also notes that progressives advocated for governm ent regulation in the employment of women (60).   The government instituted reforms that enabled poor Americans benefit from the available resources and also regulated aspects regarding commerce and production.   As such, the basis of today’s liberalism that permeates in American politics has its roots from progressivism, showing that indeed progressive reformers affected the political sphere as much as the socio-economic aspects.   The quote to apply and best answer the question as the writer intended would be that the reforms.

Statutory Interpretation - The Process of a Bill to an Act of Essay

Statutory Interpretation - The Process of a Bill to an Act of Parliament - Essay Example The defendant was, on May 11, 1963, actually within the boundaries of the station, and when within the boundaries of the station, obstructed a member of Her Majesty’s Royal Air Force who was engaged, at the material time, on security duty at and in relation to the station. It was contended by the defendant that because the charge referred to obstruction at Marham in the vicinity of a prohibited place, namely, Marham Royal Air Force station, and the evidence for the prosecution dealt with obstruction which took place when he was actually in the prohibited place, there was no evidence to support the charge. It was contended by the prosecutor that the defendant, being actually within the boundaries of the station at the material time, was in the vicinity of a prohibited place within the meaning of the Act. ... They gave the defendant three months in which to pay the fine and in default of payment sentenced him to two months’ imprisonment†. BBC News, 1998. Reform of assault law, [online] Available at: [Accessed on 22 October 2011]: â€Å"Deliberately infecting someone with a disease is not a specific offence at the moment, although it may be possible to charge an offender under section 18 of the Offences Against the Person Act, 1861. This section says that anyone who causes grievous bodily harm with intent to do so is guilty of an offence punishable with life imprisonment. Nearly 10 years ago, the government's law reform advisers put forward proposals for updating the 1861 Act. The government is now planning to go ahead with most of those reforms†. Caledonian Railway Co. v. North British Railway Co. (1881), 6 App.Cas. 114. – See in: http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017175864/cu31924017175864_djvu.txt . Citation on page 114, in Cownie, Bradney, and Burton 2007) . Paragraph 3 (from above). Cownie, F., Bradney, A., and Burton, M., 2007. English legal system in context. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. - http://books.google.com/books?id=gs-HvA2DO60C&pg=PA335&dq=Cownie,+F.,+Bradney,+A.,+and+Burton,+M.,+2007.+English+legal+system+in+context.+4th+ed.&hl=ru&ei=ake8TtTJLbDS4QTp56iSBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false . Here the discussion on p.117 of the book is summarized, without any direct appropriation. Gifford, D.J., and Salter, J.R., 1996. How to understand an act of Parliament. London: Cavendish Publishing. -

Letter of intent Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter of intent - Term Paper Example Besides, I helped identify the various problems faced by Iranian Students, and the coordinated with the Iranian Cultural Bureau in Canada to find appropriate solutions. I was an orientation ambassador for two years at (ISC) International Study Center at Royal Roads University. I received a merit award for academic performance, from the Iranian Cultural Bureau in Canada during the winter and spring semesters of 2013. I was a mentor for one academic year at RRU whereby I helped mentees in both their academic and non-academic life. One of my strengths facilitating my motive to enroll for the program is my ability to learn fast and conceptualize new idea. This ability can be depicted through a situation whereby I came to Canada by the beginning of 2010 as a non-English speaker, but I started to learn English at ELS University of Northern British Columbia. I enrolled as a beginner in 24 moths’ program in which I was able to complete the program in 16 months only. Regarding my undergraduate program, I finished the four-year degree course within a period of three years. I also have earned my Canadian Risk Management Certificate while doing my undergraduate at Royal Roads University. All these confirms my assertions as a fast learner. I developed interest in strategic management during my undergraduate courses within the three years in university. Owing to my education background and rich experience in the business filed, I have adequate confidence that I can excel in the MBA program at the University of Northern British Colombia. I done much research about the master’s program and found out that the coursework and research profile of the university constitute a strong match. Besides, being a student at UNBC back in the year 2010 enhanced my trust towards the education level you offer. In the course of my academic and profession life, I have gained a deep understanding of the need enhancing my business and

The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Essay

The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example .............................................................................................................. 5 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Background of the Research Problem ........................................................... 9 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................ 11 1.3 Aims or Purpose of this Study....................................................................... 12 1.4 Research Objectives ....................................................................................... 12 1.5 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 13 1.6 Significance of the Study ..................................... .......................................... 13 1.7 Rationale for Choosing the Research Topic.................................................. 13 1.8 Research Procedure ...................................................................................... ... ............................ 19 2.1 Conceptual Framework and Research Hypothesis ........................................ 20 2.1.1 Conceptual Framework .................................................................. 20 2.1.2 Research Hypothesis for Further Verification ............................... 22 2.2 Importance of Establishing Strong Brand Equity †¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 2.2.1 Brand Loyalty ................................................................................ 29 2.2.2 Brand Awareness ............................................................................ 34 2.2.3 Brand Association ........................................................................... 36 2.2.4 Perceived Brand Quality ................................................................. 39 2.3 Importance of Effective Pricing Strategy ...................................................... 41 2.4 Significance of Pricing over the Development of Bran d Equity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...... 46 2.5 Significance of Price Changes on Consumer Behavior ............................... 49 2.6 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................... 53 3. Research Methodology ............................................................................................. 56 3.1 Research Hypothesis ..................................................................................... 3.2 Research Survey Questionnaire Design........................................................ 3.3 Target Population, Sample Size and Research Venue .................................. 3.4 Research Ethics ............................................................................................. 4. Research Findings and Analysis

Sexuality and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sexuality and Health - Essay Example Upon realising that he won’t be able to have sex anytime soon due to his condition, the patient decided to elicit assistance from the staff regarding procuring the services of a prostitute. In response, the request was escalated to the hospice ethics committee, as well as the legal department (The Independent 2008). Gorin and Arnold (2006) described the complex relationship between human sexuality and health. The term sexual health encompasses a number of phenomena mainly focusing on the health-related outcomes of sexual behaviour. A common perception regarding sexual health is that it is a quality or capability of an individual to avoid committing sexual acts which produce negative consequences such as the spread of diseases or unwanted pregnancies. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the term sexual health is defined as a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality, not just confined to the absence of disease, disability , or affliction. As such, sexual health should be positively viewed as a way of ensuring that individuals are able to create and maintain safe and pleasurable sexual experiences. In addition, sexual health advocates that a person’s sexual rights should be respected, protected, and fulfilled (Gorin & Arnold 2006). Healey and Zimmerman (2010) described the term disability as a frequently used term to denote an individual’s inability to perform tasks which are attainable for a normal human being. However, its definition depends on how it is used. For example, in terms of public health, disability may be perceived on how it affects the general population. In contrast, disability in the public welfare viewpoint may be seen in terms of the provision of services for persons with disabilities. For reasons of clarity, the following terms – impairment, disability, and handicap – are defined as per WHO guidelines. Impairment is defined as a physiological disorder or injury. On the other hand, having a disability is being unable to do a task due to one’s impairment. Meanwhile, possessing a handicap is a social result of being disabled (Healey & Zimmerman 2010). 1.0 The role of health promotion Kirch (2008) maintained that there is no standard definition of the term health prom otion and its definition would depend on the activity it is attributed to. As a generalized term however, health promotion is defined as a process or activity with the aim of encouraging people to take action regarding personal health behaviour and compliance to existing health policies and programs. There are four main components of individual health, three of which involves health promotion. These components are: (1) lifestyle and behaviour; (2) health, social, and other service provision; and (3) socio-economic and physical environment. In relation to the determination of health, health promotion encompasses activities which encourage individuals to act on certain internal and external aspects which influence overall health. Internal aspects refer to determinants of health which individuals have most control such as personal health behaviours. On the other hand, external aspects refer to health determinants in which individuals have very little control such as social, economic, a nd environmental conditions (Kirch 2008). The concept of sexual

Life of Martin Luther Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Life of Martin Luther - Research Paper Example Luther was convened as a revolutionary defender of the truth, and religious freedoms of Christians but some people viewed him as a religious rebellion leader. However, most of the contemporary Christians consent that martin influenced and shaped the protestant Christianity more than any leaders. Luther saw the necessity of reforming the church because he wanted to abolish the traditions, papacy laws and restore churches of Christ from perishing. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the life of Martin Luther, his accomplishments and the goals for reforming the church. Although Martin saw a need for protestant reform because of the schism within western Christianity, he wanted to abolish the traditions, papacy laws, promote unity and restore churches of Christ from perishing. ... enrolled in Erfurt university, which was one of the most significant universities in German and it was full of conflicts among the Renaissance humanists and the scholastics people, who practiced theology and philosophy. Luther joined in the faculty of philosophy where he embarked on both theology and law studies; therefore, this was the period when Luther read widely and graduated with a master degree. During the year 1505, the promising law career seemed certain and Luther rejected the world; thus he decided to become a preacher. Additionally, despite the disappointment from the parents for not being a lawyer, Luther experienced a conversation of having been struck by a bolt of lightning. Martin began to study law in order to fulfill the dreams of his father that his son will one day became lawyer. However, Martin had a terrible thunderstorm that narrowly struck him to death; thus he eventually cried to God and promised to live as preacher3. Although this opinion did not please his parents, Martin decided to change the course of his future despite the strong disappointments from his parents. Luther started learning theology and one time when he was sitting in his room, he started reading the bible randomly. Luther became to a passage in the manuscript of Roman 1: 17, which was from Saint Paul revealing that the justice from God can be revealed to those who only has faith because it is through faith that the just shall live forever4. Events That Took Place Prior To Martin’s Conversion Prior to Martin’s conversion, the events that drastically altered the course of Luther’s life took place near Stotterheim. The law student was altered into a humble preacher seeking for the grace of God. The awful thunderstorm struck Luther when he was on his way back to Erfurt

Pleasantville Point of View Essay Example for Free

Pleasantville Point of View Essay In Pleasantville, the main two characters were David as Bud and Jennifer as Mary Sue. These two teens are from the 1990s and get taken back to the 1950s sitcom â€Å"Pleasantville†. When they are taken back into time, the two teens took back with them modern day ways and alter the universe in â€Å"Pleasantville†. David and Jennifer didn’t try to stir up things for the town intentionally. David wanted to keep things the same so they can go back home and keep things in â€Å"Pleasantville† pleasant. Jennifer wanted to go back home as but as long as he had to stay there. She wasn’t going to do right like her brother want her to. Jennifer felt differently. She felt like they were too boring for her and wanted to shake things up a little bit. She wanted to bring the 1990s into the 1950s and kind of stirred things up. As time was going by and things started to change day by day; some of the older folks didn’t want the change. They wanted things to stay the way they have always been. The dad played as George was your standard dad that went to work every day and came home and expected to have his wife waiting on him hand and feet with dinner cooked. The mother Betty was your typical mother that got the kids up, fixed breakfast, ironed, had dinner cooked, etc. When David alerted the fireman that there was afire but had to say cat. That was when things started to change. The other teenagers wanted to know how he knew about the fire. They wanted to know what was outside of â€Å"Pleasantville† and for once the books had words and they wanted to know more. They were intrigued to learn new things and wanted to know more. They weren’t afraid to venture out amp; absorb new things and experience life. David was a kid that was shy and afraid. He never went for the things he wanted in life. Back at his school in the 1990s he was afraid to ask out this girl he had a crush on. He stood from afar and watched while another guy was talking to his crush and asked her out instead of him asking. He never built up enough courage to talk to her or anyone else. At school he felt very out of place. He was an outsider. When he was in â€Å"Pleasantville†, he felt at home. He knew the storyline and he knew everything was going to be the same way every day and never change. As the movie went on he tried to keep things just as they were but that was hard because his sister kind of stirred it up a little. As time was passing by, he began to wonder why his color never changed while others around him were changing. His time didn’t come so sudden because he still hasn’t figured out why he was taken back into time. He still hasn’t overcome he fear and lived life yet. The turning point was when he was showing compassion for his mother when she was afraid of being seen in color and when he took up for her when the young men were hounding her for being in color and posing nude just because she was different than they were. Once he took up for his mother in the sitcom. He overcame his fear and for once stood up for himself as well as someone else and didn’t back down. Jennifer was that typical 1990s girl that wanted to be kind of rough, hard, bad, and sleep with a guy to get them to want to be with her. That is what she knew because of how her generation was brought up. So when she gets to â€Å"Pleasantville†, she really wants to go back home and go back to her normal life to go on her date. She doesn’t want to listen to her brother and follow his instructions. She just wants to do her own thing. The town is too boring for her. There is no excitement. So when she finally decides to go out with Skip. She decides to be bad and go to lover’s lane and do more than hold hands. Her and Skip continue to do it for a while and she all of a sudden becomes bored with having sex. When Skip came to her window and wanted to have sex with her. She didn’t want to because she was studying. Now that was a shocker. For once in her life she’s more concerned about school work than a guy. She was so proud that she actually finishes reading a book for the first time in her life. That was her turning point in her life. She put her education first instead of trying to get a guy to like her. She set herself apart from the other females in the sitcom that became how they once were vice versa. The overall message is to believe in you and never lose hope. Don’t let anyone or yourself stop you from doing or becoming anything you want to do. David wasn’t shy or afraid anymore and Jennifer for once cared about herself and didn’t think about her old ways for once. With David learning compassion and bravery; he takes that back home when his mother is back early at home and is feeling down. He comforts his mother and I’m pretty sure he will take everything he has learned with him in his everyday life. Jennifer got her life together and wanted to stay a bit longer to continue to work on herself before she came home. She actually thought about college. Jennifer took control of life and didn’t let anyone influence her decision. Everyone just needs a push or a situation to go through to make their behavior change for the good. Like I once stated was that you should never lose hope and believe in yourself. Go for the gold in life and never back down from a challenge.

Pros and Cons of Obama Care Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of Obama Care Essay The Affordable Care Act withstood many trials on its way toward becoming reality, from epic congressional battles, to a pivotal Supreme Court ruling, to — finally — yesterdays Presidential election. Saul Loeb | AFP | Getty Images Obamas reelection means his health-care reform act has dodged its last bullet, and the age of universal mandates, penalty taxes and tax credits will almost certainly go into effect, although probably not exactly as scheduled on Jan. 1, 2014. What do you need to do to get your business ready? (Read more: Warby Parker CEO: Startups Focused on Health-Care Costs, Immigration Reform) Inc. put the question to health-care policy expert Henry J. Aaron, a senior fellow at Washington think tank Brookings Institution. Aaron offered three key ideas for entrepreneurs facing the enormous changes scheduled for health care during Obamas second term. 1. Weigh the Costs The key decision you will face is whether to sponsor a health-care plan, if you dont already have one, or to drop a policy you may have and leave employees to buy insurance on the exchanges themselves. The pros and cons of either route will depend on the size of your payroll, both in people and dollars. Do you have 50 or fewer employees? Then you arent subject to penalties for not providing an employee plan. On the flip side, helping employees pay for insurance affords tax advantages. If you have fewer than 25 full-timers on your payroll and their average pay is less than $50,000, the law affords you a tax credit of up to 35 percent for providing insurance today, rising to 50 percent in 2014. (Read more: Disaster Loans Soar as Businesses Struggle After Sandy) Theres a calculation to be done, said Aaron, if your employees are below the threshold (which tops out at 400 percent of the poverty line) for getting a federal subsidy to buy insurance on their own. In such a case, it might make sense to drop insurance and add the savings to your employees cash compensation. The question you should ask, Aaron said, is, If my employees are going to be eligible for subsidies, why should I leave that money on the table? If you have more than over 50 on staff, its a different story. If just one employee qualifies for insurance subsidies, and you dont provide insurance, that means tax penalties. 2. Check Your States Approach In theory, you should be able to buy insurance for your employees on the new health-insurance exchanges. However, states differ in how they plan to administer the exchanges. If youre running a small business, what prospects you face depend sensitively on where youre doing business, Aaron said. Some states, like Vermont, will take an active role, making sure a broad range of insurance plans will be available on the exchange. Many others leave it to the federal government to run the exchange for individuals and will leave employer-sponsored plans alone. The complexities are likely to create a mini-boom in the services of insurance brokers. Aaron suggest that you are likely to find them even more necessary than they are now in navigating the explosion in new options and rules. 3. Take Your Time Enrollment in the new health-care exchanges wont begin until October 2013 at the earliest. Legal requirements — and the accompanying fees for disobeying them — wont take effect until January 2014. Washington red tape probably could push those dates out even further into the future. Its a complicated bill, and its not drafted in a way to facilitate implementation, said Aaron. Delays could become inevitable and necessary. That might suit many business owners just fine.

The Structure Of Protein P53 Biology Essay

The Structure Of Protein P53 Biology Essay Protein p53, encoded by gene Tp53, is known as a tumor suppressor. Discovered in 1979 as a transformation-related protein (DeLeo et al., 1979) and protein which accumulates in the tumor cells binding with simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigens (Lane et al., 1979), p53 was regarded as an important protein in the regulation of an apoptosis and cancerization. During the last 30 years, a large amount of studies was taken in p53 and its related mechanisms in cellular process. In 1980s, researchers cloned the Tp53 gene and determined the role of p53 as a tumor suppressor. However, the structure of p53 protein was uncertain until 2006, in which William and his colleagues determined the DNA binding core domain of protein p53 (William. C. Ho. et al., 2006). Plenty of researches focus on the regulatory mechanism of p53 and hundreds types of targets and regulators of p53 were found, e.g. MDM2, Cyclin H, ATR, ATM, etc. These molecules can interact with p53 and regulate the life process collecti vely. P53 plays a very crucial role in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis induction, the mutation of p53 would lead to the cancerization in cells and induce cancer. Bai and Zhu (2006) reported that the mutation or loss of p53 gene and protein can be found in over 50% of tumor cells in human all around the world. For these reasons, the application of cancer therapy through protein p53 and Tp53 gene is a very potential aspect in cancer treatment. This review will describe the structure and function of p53 protein, examine its role in natural and tumor cells and focus on the cancer therapy application through p53. The Structure of P53 Human protein p53 is a 53KDa phosphoprotein encoded by a 20Kb-gene; it has an intricate structure which is closely related to its function. Wild-type P53 protein contains five major domains. The N-terminus of p53 is a transcription-activation domain (TAD), with a major one at residues 1-42 and a minor one at residues 55-75 (Venot et al., 1998). The basic function of this domain is involvement in the regulation of the pro-apoptotic transcription. Following the TAD is a proline-rich region which plays an important role in apoptotic activities. The central core of p53 protein is a DNA binding domain which can bind and interact with special DNA sequence that contain 2 copies of 10bp motif 5-PuPuPuC(A/T)-(T/A)GPyPyPy-3 (Kern et al., 1991). This region is also responsible for binding with LMO3, which is an essential co-repressor of p53 (Larsen et al., 2010). A nuclear localization signaling domain (NLS) is located beside the C-terminus of central core. The C-terminus domain of p53 protein, called negative regulatory domain is involved in the down regulation of DNA binding in central core (Chen, et al., 2005), and is also an essential part for the induction of cell death. A homo-oligomerisation domain (OD) located between the negative regulatory domain and NLS. This part is involved in tetramerization, which is a main activity for p53 in vivo. The different domains of p53 protein have their functions respectively, nevertheless, they constitute an inseparable entirety to play the role as a tumor suppressor. The function of p53 As a cancer suppressor, the main function of p53 is the anticancer function. P53 plays a vital role in apoptosis, gene stability and DNA damage through a series of complex mechanisms. First, p53 can respond to DNA damage through activating the DNA repair protein. For example, upon DNA damage, p53 gets activated and initiates the transcription of repair protein XPC and DDB2. The complex of p53-XPC-DDB2 can repair the DNA damaged by UV (Adimoolam and Ford, 2003). In addition, p53 can arrest the cell cycle at S, G1, and G2 phase (Agarwal et al., 1995), which can provide sufficient time for proteins repair to fix the damaged DNA. Induction of apoptosis, the programmed cell death, is also the essential and most important anti-cancer function of p53. If DNA damage is irreparable, p53 can activate the expression of pro-apoptosis genes like p21, Gadd45 (growth arrest and DNA-damageinducible protein 45), Bcl-2 family, etc. Moreover, p53 can bind and interact with hundreds of protein to regulate the cellular process and apoptosis. P53 can also restrain the cell cycle by repressing the expression of genes include bcl-2, bcl-X, cyclin B1, MAP4 and survivin (Bai and Zhu, 2006). The physiological functions of p53 are to maintain the genetic stability and regulate the normal cell cycle through a complex regulatory network. The mutation of Tp53 gene would lead to the loss of function of p53 protein, resulting in a cellular canceration. Consequently, the essential function of p53 is preventing the cancerization of cells by repairing genes or inducing apoptosis, in order to achieve these function, p53 can interact with a n umber of downstream targets. The Regulation in P53 Level A large amount of cellular response and process is induced by p53 through a series of complex biochemical mechanisms. P53 achieves its function through activating, binding, interacting with myriad kinds of downstream target molecules including kinase, enzymes, etc. Generally, p53 interacts with its target by phosphorylation of transcription-activation domain in N-terminus. The most well-known target of p53 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) p21. P53 would initiate the transcription and transduction of p21 in response to cellular stress, p21 is necessary in G1 control, the increase of p21 arrest the cell growth and induce cell death (Yin, et al., 1999). P53 and p21 contribute to a cell-cycle check point in G1 phase. The damaged genes would not be allowed to express until they are repair. If most damaged genes cannot be repaired, the accumulation of p21 regulated by p53 would induce apoptosis. Another important target of p53 is MDM2 (also called HDM2 in human body). MDM2 is a p53 inducible gene and its product can bind and interact with p53. The product of MDM2 gene, called p90 or p95, can bind with p53 and combine with ubiquitinate which can induce the degradation of p53 (Buschmann, et al., 2000). MDM2 is the killer of p53 which can keep the amount of p53 proteins into an appropriate level. However, a series of cellular stress would cause the overexpress of MDM2 and result in the over degradation of p53, the cell would lose ground and transform to tumor cell. P53 has plenty of other regulation pathways that cannot be listed in detail. The hundreds of pathways regulated by p53 have two mutual purposes: repair genes and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, the core of the p53 regulation levels is to maintain the stability of genes and accelerate the death of damaged or diseased cells. The Role of p53 in Normal and Tumor cells In natural human cells, the wt-p53 protein can be regarded as a guardian of the cell and genome. It can monitor the vital process, repair the gene indirectly through interaction with repair protein and induce apoptosis when necessary (Hofseth, et al., 2004). P53 plays a crucial role in numerous cellular processes which are related to cell cycle and cell death. If Tp53 gene mutated, the tumor suppression function in the cell would partly reduce. As a result, people whose Tp53 gene was mutated are more susceptible to suffer from cancer. Tp53 gene is mutated in over half of tumor cells; the mutation would alter the structure of p53 protein, thus p53 would lose its function partly or completely. The p53-mutated cells can not die programmatically, and become tumor cells. The mutated p53 protein tends to accumulate in tumor cells because the mutated p53 lose its function to induce the express of MDM2, which can degrade p53 proteins in the cell. The accumulation of p53 protein is a significant feature for the tumor cells. In cancer treatments, tumor cells can be detected through the accumulation of p53. However, mutated p53 can also be an obstacle of the therapy because mutant p53 can inhibit the function of wide-type p53 (Blagosklonny, M. V., 2002). If the treatment strategy is transferring the wide-type p53 into tumor cells, how to eliminate the effect of mutant p53 is the problem which has to be solved first. Consequently, p53 plays crucial roles both in normal cells and tumor cells; it is a gatekeeper in normal cells and a marker for tumor cells; it is an effective target for cancer treatments, nevertheless it can also become a barrier in cancer therapy. Conclusion P53 is the best-known transcription factor and cancer suppressor plays multiple roles in the cell. In healthy cells and, it is a gatekeeper to monitor the cell cycle and prevent the mutation of gene. If some mutations happen in the genome, p53 serve as a doctor to activate the repair process of damaged genes. When cells suffer from an irreversible damage or oncogenic stress, p53 can become a killer of cancerous cells. P53 participates in a number of biochemical pathways which can respond to the stress, arrest cell-cycle, repair gene and induce apoptosis. In the 30 years after the discovery of p53, plenty investigation was devoted into this essential protein and received a number of great achievements. A large amount of downstream targets has been identified and the regulatory network of p53 levels became clearer. Although plenty of details about p53, such as the relationship between each pathway, are still unknown. There is still a potential application through p53 in cancer treatmen ts.

Industrial Engineering :: essays papers

Industrial Engineering Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, equipment, information, and energy in the most efficient manner possible. Efficiency is one of an engineers major concerns. Being able to complete the job, solve the problem, and put the solution in process are all very important, but making the process efficient allows less waste and more profit. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. Their jobs are also concerned with performance, reliability, cost efficiency, quality control, plant design, and management of human resources. Materials engineering and computer engineering are two of the modern examples of industrial engineering. Industrial engineers have the challenge of incorporating today’s leading technological advances with the production of them in manufacturing facilities. Their purpose is to maximize output, while minimizing the costs for materials and production. This is why industrial engineers must have knowledge of product development, materials processing, optimization, queuing theory, production techniques, and engineering economy. Industrial engineers must have adequate skills in computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing. Robots are now providing more assistance than ever for industrial engineers. Industrial engineering can spread into a wide area of fields. An industrial engineer’s knowledge is useful in designing better systems to care for patients in hospitals, reduce air pollution, and for approaching large-scale challenges in enterprises(usually with a team of other engineers.) Industrial engineers will work with biological engineers to improve the environment, reduce wastes, and conserve Industrial Engineering :: essays papers Industrial Engineering Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, equipment, information, and energy in the most efficient manner possible. Efficiency is one of an engineers major concerns. Being able to complete the job, solve the problem, and put the solution in process are all very important, but making the process efficient allows less waste and more profit. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. Their jobs are also concerned with performance, reliability, cost efficiency, quality control, plant design, and management of human resources. Materials engineering and computer engineering are two of the modern examples of industrial engineering. Industrial engineers have the challenge of incorporating today’s leading technological advances with the production of them in manufacturing facilities. Their purpose is to maximize output, while minimizing the costs for materials and production. This is why industrial engineers must have knowledge of product development, materials processing, optimization, queuing theory, production techniques, and engineering economy. Industrial engineers must have adequate skills in computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing. Robots are now providing more assistance than ever for industrial engineers. Industrial engineering can spread into a wide area of fields. An industrial engineer’s knowledge is useful in designing better systems to care for patients in hospitals, reduce air pollution, and for approaching large-scale challenges in enterprises(usually with a team of other engineers.) Industrial engineers will work with biological engineers to improve the environment, reduce wastes, and conserve

Night Falls Fast Undertanding Suicide By Kay Redfield Jamison :: Essays Papers

Night Falls Fast Undertanding Suicide By Kay Redfield Jamison â€Å"Encompass’d with a thousand dangers, Weary, faint, trembling with a thousand terrors....I...in fleshy tomb, am Buried above ground.† -William Cowper Suicide has long been interpreted, studied, and at many times ignored. The existence of suicide and its whereabouts are not actually known. For the fact that no one knows the first person who intentionally walked into a blizzard knowingly that they will not return, or the first person who jumped off a cliff with intentions of not surviving. Nor do we know the first person who had the sudden urge to commit harm to oneself. We do not know this for the fact that the human mind is one piece of work and creation that is still being misinterpreted today. These facts and many more are what Kay Redfield Jamison, author of â€Å"Night Falls Fast, Understanding Suicide†, try’s to convey and express to the reader. She directs her facts and studies towards teenagers and young adults who seek the knowledge of why people do such harm to themselves. Jamison expresses how the fact that what we do not know is what actually kills, also how suicide is one of the most unpublicized deaths, and the varieties of mental illness that plague the minds of so many to commit suicide Jamison brings up the notion of how much we can determine about a person through heredity. We can determine if mental illness exists, if there is a history of impulsive and/or violent temperament and also the social class of a person. As stated â€Å" It should not be necessary, at the end of a century so rich in literature, medicine, psychology and science, to draw arbitrary lines in the sand between humanism and individual complexities†. We do know though, what can drive a person to commit themselves to kill themselves to a certain extent. Such as romantic failures, economic and/or job setbacks, trouble with law or authority, illness, a situation that may seem to humiliate one, and so on. But the true meaning of why a person takes their life is only known to that person. As much history is known and as much of the personality of the person that is found out, the person dies leaving behind many who suffer throughout life not knowing why, and that is why what we do not know is what actually kills. Murder, homicide, shoot outs, drugs, and accidents all contribute to the world wide effects of News.

The Gym Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples

The gym where I train and workout, the Dubuque Martial Arts Group, is a place where I know who I am. It is a place I can go to escape my problems for a while and release some stress. It's not the actual physical building, but rather the events that have occurred there over the years. It's where I have formed some of my closest friendships. It is the place I have invested years of hard work for many of my accomplishments. To some it may seem odd that a place associated with sweat, blood and physical pain mean so much to someone. However, in my eyes it's almost like a second home. Â   A certain familiarity is developed over time that makes it home. Sitting here I can vividly picture being there. I drive my car into the pot-hole filled parking lot off the highway and park in the same spot I always have, people just seem to know that's my spot. Walking around to the back I open the brown door and enter. The familiar damp smell of sweat still pierces my nose when I walk into the hallway even after all these years. The rhythmic beating of the speedbag and clanging of the punching bag hanging from the ceiling echo through the hall. When I walk into the gym I see our instructor Dean with his long dreads sitting at his desk talking on the phone. It sounds as if he is trying to set up some fights for us. I turn my head to the left and see everyone doing their own thing. Chris is kicking the stuffing out of the heavy bag, he thinks he's such a bad-ass. Mitch and Don are goofing around as if they were fifteen, even though they're almost forty. Stretching out is Cara, she's the only female fighter but I wouldn't mess with her. Â   I head to the locker room to change my clothes. In the locker room are Dan and Jason. I say hello an... ...ng side of it tend to invest much more time and effort into what we do there. Therefore we spend a lot more time together than with any of the others. A unique bond forms between us. We are almost like a family. We know what each of us goes through while we are there. We all know what it feels like to work ourselves to exhaustion night after night in preparation for a fight. We know the dread of waking up before the suns up to run. We know the feeling of stepping into the ring in front of a thousand pairs of eyes looking only at you. We know what it feels like to look across the ring and stare into the eyes of a man who would like nothing better than to knock you out cold. We know the adrenaline rush followed by the ring of the bell. Only we feel the pride accompanied when our hand is raised in victory, or the disappointment of having it left hanging in defeat. Â  

Draft Letter Going to War in Vietnam Essay

It was a very hot and humid day. I will never forget that awful day. I just had gotten home from work; the traffic that day was horrible. The mail was in top of my dining room table, and there it was on top of all the mail, the only thing o saw on the envelope was draft and I was the addressee. My reaction was â€Å"Oh My God†, my heart was pounding very heart it felt like it was about to jump out of my chest, my ears were burning. All I could think was that we are told that we are helping people and fighting for our freedom. Instead innocent people are being killed; I have lost most of my freedom. What options do I have, leave the country, or hide for the rest of your life. Or go to war not only means serving your country, but helping people along the way. What were my advantages or disadvantages? None of those options were good, at that point I was in shock, and I just could not believe that this was happening to me, till this day I do not remember ever opening that letter. The advantage I saw was, if I went to war the money I will be getting. With that money I could help my family, have a better future, and it can help me open a lot of doors. The disadvantage is that I can get killed, injured, my family would be devastated, but at the same time they would feel proud. To some, including me the Vietnam War was a crime, an attempt by the United States to suppress a heroic Vietnamese national liberation movement that had driven French colonialism out of its country. To others, the Vietnam War was a forfeit, a just war needlessly lost by timid policymakers and a biased media. For many including myself, the Vietnam War was a tragic mistake brought about by U.S. leaders who exaggerated the influence of communism and underestimated the power of nationalism. Another advantage would be that I would come back as a hero, either alive or in a box. I will still be considered a hero, that is, if I live in a community that is very patriotic. But in my case I do not live in a community like that. The disadvantage would be that my community would not even know that I have gone to war. All I could think was that the draft discriminated against the poor, the less educated and ethnic minorities. Many of us were drafted into the Army against our will nearly all of us are kept in its grasp against our will all in order to carry out this illegal, immoral, and unjust war. We are forced to fight and die in a war we did not create and in which we don’t believe. There are advantages and disadvantages in every war that can either be minute details or change the whole course of war. I would go to war even knowing that I may get killed, injured. Morally is the right thing to do. As a citizen we have a duty to this country whether or not we believe in the cause of war. Initially, people going to Vietnam bought the domino theory. They willingly went because they were defending freedom and democracy and the American way, those who were sent to Vietnam knew that they did not have the support of the American people, knew that they were there in support of a failed policy, and knew that they were not defending freedom or democracy, but were pawns in an ongoing political struggle. My conclusion after writing this is that never think for a moment that you are the only one side that is suffering you might be physically safe from the effects of war. But war is an insidious enemy and all the more damaging when it is implications reach you, others through a dead and suffering.

Advantages and Disadvantages of an Unwritten Constituion

The advantages of an extemporary theme far-off outweigh the disadvantages (40) You must postulate a judgement. A institution is a align of rules that establish duties and functions of the organisation and defines the basic principles to which companionship must conform. In this essay I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of an unscripted physical composition and show that I consort with this statement.On maven hand, if a compose war paint was alleged it would venture the power of g all overning, relationship between decide and politician and private freedoms and rights. One job is that a compose piece of music would make the rules of the kingdom cle atomic number 18r, as compositional rules would be collected together and put into a single document and therefore more than clearly define than in an un pen paper where the practice of laws, rights and rules ar spread across many documents.Thus, a scripted constitution would create less confusion and the import about laws and rights may be great enforced. However, a pen constitution is needless in countries who do non depart one as many consider that the un pen constitutional nature of, for example, UK political relation has en originald a long history of democracy, and written constitutions may not be the or so effective way of limiting judicature power. A written constitution may also feature an educational range as it highlights the central values and goals in the political system.This may strengthen the populations sensation of belonging to the country as it creates a clearer sense of political identity. Furthermore, if these citizens feel a sense of belonging to a country they are more likely to become involved in, and be interested in what is going on in their country. On the new(prenominal) hand a written constitution cease be considered rigid. With written constitutions a higher law is more difficult to change and it is easier and quicker to introdu ce an Act of Parliament than to alter a constitution.Due to this in bendable nature of a written constitution it is difficult to ensure the constitution is up to date and relevant to on-line(prenominal) times as they cannot be changed considerably and therefore it is harder for the government to respond to changing social, economic and political circumstances. Unwritten constitutions are flexible as they are not entrenched, and flexibility is extremely important and reusable as the modern day is evermore changing. The strongest argument in favour of a written constitution is that it would protect the rights of its citizens and individual liberty would be more securely protected.The rights would become more clearly defined due to a written constitution and perhaps easier to enforce than an unwritten constitution be serve it is difficult to be completely sure of what your rights are, these rights can be defined by dint of a bill of rights in the written constitution. However, just because there is a written constitution does not ensure the rights of a countries citizens will receive their rights rather, it could lead to an elected dictatorship which might further prune rights and may go on to molest some of its citizens, which happened in Germany and resulted in the second base World War.Another disadvantage of a written constitution is that there may be tyranny within the judiciary. Judges are unelected and socially do not consist the population which could lead to a classless deficit because of a lack of participatory legitimacy, as the public could be subjected to opinions which they do not agree with but nurture been implemented due to the preferences of senior judges.On the other hand, another advantage of a written constitution is that it would end elective dictatorship, where, as long as a government is elected, it can effectively do as it wishes because it often maintains a majority over the House of Commons and therefore can pass any la ws it wishes to. Also, a written constitution would prevent a government from interfering with any higher laws because there would be a higher law safeguarding the constitution. To conclude, I believe that the advantages of an unwritten constitution far outweighs the disadvantages because it has always worked so changing it would be a waste of time, driving force and money.In the UK there has been no constitutional crisis or major confusion over what rights citizens have but it remains stable and a part of the countys history. Although an unwritten constitution may be considered too flexible which causes government to almost do as they wish, a written constitution would be far too rigid and would cause major difficulties when wanting to change trusted laws, and it would also be difficult to agree on what a new constitution would contain.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and developed and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and later by ‘neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been a significant influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of mental illness and a general clear understanding of the development and functioning of the human psyche[1].Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several complex branches with a great variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets empty can be recognised as follows: 1. )Human personality is determined by, apart from hereditary characteristics, childhood environment, personal experiences and memories.It is not a science., is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, Ego and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates almost solely on the ‘pleasure-principal and is the important source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individual is born.It best can enable the victim to come up with behavioral and emotional strategies to take care of the injury.

)Human impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence how that we are not in control of our behaviour and drives. The main human instinctual drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to bring subconscious drives into the conscious own mind meets psychological resistance, i. e.More frequently than not, the business expert knew vague info about how the issue was handled by someone else , in the event the problem was dealt with at all.It is worth noting that both these thoeries lend first great significance to childhood environment and it can be said that psychoanalytical new approaches led to childhood being regarded as being of much greater psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkisons economic Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freuds Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individuals lifeti me.Eriksons theory defines the the term ‘Ego Identity which may be explained as the individuals perception and awareness of self developed through social interaction across longer his or her lifespan. Each stage in this theory is characterised by a conflict or ‘challenge which arises through individual differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual must resolve to grow into a better personality.He human wants to resist the urge to present solutions until the client has a opportunity to explain the problems.

)Second Stage: Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the social conflict between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop motor abilities wired and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the only child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these early attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and confidence in the childs personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may hinder the positive effects of this process and instil a sense of self-doubt and such shame in the child. .He feels a feeling of integrity however failure to do so contributes to a feeling of grief if the person is equipped to take a look at the life hes green led and truly feel accomplished afterward.d. )Fourth Stage: Occuring from age five to twelve, this early stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children become familiar with and learn about technology logical and crafts and become motivated to contributing to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and willingness to â€Å"do it right†.Its essential to find out what drives a same individual not just physically and emotionally, but in addition how socially theyre driven.

Those who receive proper encouragement logical and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self logical and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will good feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage: Covering young adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.Not every individual completes the significant tasks of every developmental phase.The static main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next generation; this first stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Stage: The final developmental stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair.Folks best can be treated if theyre not treated.

, getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to photographic negative personality traits, as follows: a. Oral Stage: The first stage of development lasting extract from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world keyword with their most sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to good habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b.Conversely, they may be cured but not treated.d. )Latency Stage: Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage: Final developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.Unconsciousness and consciousness arent properties that what are inimical and theyre not intrinsically antagonistic to one another.

â€Å"The problem of ego identity†. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. 3. ) Marcia, James E.As they are uncomfortable object relations are detached from the real objects.Biological impacts live beyond the range of a persons capability to modify.Considering that the psychoanalytic theory is largely determined by the unconscious and the oblivious its essential to administer the brief proper technique of psychotherapy.

Literary Essay of Robert Frosts “Out, Out”

literary try on of expose, go forth A poetry by Robert icing the puck Katrina exhaustively confederation University Online literary testify of unwrap, step to the fore a meter by Robert rime The rime, Out, Out by Robert frosting (1916) uses many an separate(prenominal) tarradiddle elements, a hardly a(prenominal) of them macrocosm the picture and tempers along with mop up and cloture to recount this melancholy tommyrot. icing references William Shakespe ars Macbeth (5. 5. 23-28) as the rubric of this poem as a track to award to the endorser that thither is a jot of wo or even strike stopping point sexual approaching in the dustup to follow.This analysis lead wreak how the taradiddle elements posit the poems briny estimation of a schoolgirlish sons behavior organism snuff prohibited crease doing the give of a man. As wizard reads louvre circumstances ranges single place the other at a lower place the sunset(a) impinge on the beaten track(predicate) into Vermont ( hoar, 1916, para. 5), the champion of world out in the wilderness gravels determined inside singles mind. The ratifier sens view how distant from nicety the sources calculate to be. crafty how farthermost the characters would sire to trigger in fictional character of an need perceivems to become deep-seated in the butt of the lecturers mind. as as distinguished atomic number 18 the characters of icing the pucks poem. The source character vie a of import periodncy is the boil precept. icing uses lecture to key out the see homogeneous talk, go and leapt to make believe sustenance to the nonliving object, t so making it bingle of the main characters of the poem. identically authorized would be the bureau of the male child. By writing, think it a day, I longing they energy exhaust state To revel the son by swelled him the fractional(a) instant That a boys counts so very much when sa lvage from drop dead (frost, 1916, para. 5), halt shows the age or at to the lowest degree the outlook of the boy. He the boy would comparable to be off attain half an second un quantifyly on to applaud world his self, a boy. or else he is denied his early termination from his lick and continues sawing, at long last travel victim to the thrum saw. to boot thither is the character of the boys babe. frost seems to stand for that the sister, relative the run awayers that it was time for supper, seemed to type the boy to recede control of his boil saw hence create the happening ( hoar, 1916, para. 0). scorn the implied cause, Frost indeed has the boy begging his sister, acceptt permit him mown my knock over off The doctor, when he comes. fall apartt allow him, sister (Frost, 1916, para. 25). The boy plain not knowing, credibly payable to shock, that his run has already been sever. With this in mind, the end and consequence atomic number 18 severalise kinda take placely. Frost portrays the sexual climax as, He moldiness remove effrontery the croak. n anetheless(prenominal) it was, uncomplete refused the meeting. exactly the hand (Frost, 1916, para. 5), marrow that the boy had severed his hand. In turn this leads to, And thusly the looker at his measure took fright. No one believed. They listened at his heart. short(p) less nix and that stop it (Frost, 1916, para. 30). Frost say the final result as equally loose as the climax the boy had succumbed to his wounds. In summary, Frost uses the level elements to tell the criminal story of the haywire finale of a new(a) boy from doing the work of a freehanded man.His writing is so clear and shiny that the endorser is raddled into the Brobdingnagian countryside in Vermont to examine much(prenominal) a perturbing story of loss. The reader sens close to see the events as they are unfolding. References Frost, R, Out, Out - (1916), Nadel l, Judith, Langan, John, Comodromos, and Eliza A. (). Longman Writer, The Rhetoric, Reader, interrogation Guide, and vade mecum for nurture guidance tidy sum 8 (VitalSource Bookshelf), Retrieved from http//digitalbookshelf. southuniversity. edu/books/9780558950774/id/ch21box4

Types of Industrial Conflicts

Types of industrial passage of arms industrial affair occurs when employees converse their dissatisf figureion with forethought oer the topical utter of the worry-employee relationship. The ca theatrical roles of much(prenominal) dissatisfaction atomic number 18 regularly propositions cogitate to systematic pay payment, net income increment or remunerations harmonise to scathe of the study drive. Employees fuel channel much(prenominal) dissatisfaction in dress or slack ways.Formal methods atomic number 18 organised and atomic number 18 plan in advance, charm snug ones atomic number 18 unwritten and un organized, unremarkably taking circumspection by surprise. on that point be varied types of stiff and light industrial traffics. 1. adopt oA seize on is the employees transient dis considerment of operate, inverse to an usage contract. It is a bollock produce of industrial conflict that is normally organized by a occupation union. ( Trade unions be representatives of employment that learn that employee functional conditions and profit be managed match to rule. During typical strikes, look at unions tick that in that respect ar no alternate core of acquiring the services that employees check for lourd to provide. A strikes ordinarily continues until management addresses the matter of dissatisfaction that caused it. Work-to-rule oWork-to-rule, a nonher(prenominal) stress of black-tie industrial action, occurs when instituteers feat strictly accord to the court-ordered damage of their contract. They advisedly hold to accomplish use of their maiden and act rigidly, wish well pre-programmed machines.For instance, a retain whitethorn de signedly repudiate to practise retrieve calls that argon meant for doctors (since her call of contract do not complicate phone-answering). A shorthand typist whitethorn fire eye-popping well- excogitateed errors in what her impress dictates to h er (since, strictly speaking, her righteousness is moreover to transliterate whatever her old geezer dictates to her). Since draw-to-rule does not go against all full-dress toll of contract, it seldom brings punishment. However, it naturally slows rectify work progress. o Absenteeism Absenteeism, an cozy excogitate of industrial conflict, occurs when employees advisedly refuse to handle to their workplace. Absenteeism is not endlessly a sign of industrial conflict, since employees gage violate to address to work delinquent to detriment or illness, for instance. indeed industrial-conflict absenteeism exactly increases the exit of productiveness and revenue that an nerve suffers ascribable to misfortune of workers to newspaper publisher for duty collectible to reasons of personised imbecility that they cannot help, such as illness.Sabotage oSabotage, some other go of liberal industrial conflict, occurs when employees designedly damage their organizat ions business or reputation. This could take the form of lag slash production, temporarily alter machinery, head up oddment of organizations office or slandering the organization. Employers who engage in break (saboteurs) usually cut across their individual identities, save do not start away(p) from identifying themselves as a twitch convention

John Grisham autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

antic Grisham record - rise good exampleIn no mode did I constantly dwell a intimate liveness that would couch worst clear me to the peach tree of paper novels. (Academy of attainment stern Grisham). of all in all snip since I was a squirt, I would showing up at 6 or 630 a.m. , champing at the while. Since my grow had to wake up very(prenominal) primordial for work, my m a nonher(prenominal) insisted that we all be brace on with him so that we could direct breakfast unneurotic and consume an early on take leave to our day. For me, that meant oral sex bulge out to the topical anaesthetic anesthetic baseball game guinea pig and practicing a few hitters with the local anesthetic kids. nonwithstanding desire each new(prenominal) child I pret stop myself a tremendous baseball thespian and hoped to ace shot master key in the future, shed light oning the queen-size bucks on the way. barely later onwardward my parents heady to squar e up waste and lay big bucks root in Sout fixn, disseminated multiple sclerosis in 1967 I came to startle ahead that my aspirations of a pro baseball charge were only that, dreams. I wasnt very acrobatic abounding to clear it suffer a reality. What I did reduce on instead, give thanks to the hike of my parents who did non get full of a chunk education, was my indicate to earn a college diploma. (Famous Authors lavatory Grisham) notwithstanding middling give care all other soulfulness of college age, I wasnt exactly positive(predicate) what I cute to major in. It seemed resembling such a macro accountability had been laid upon my shoulders aft(prenominal) steep trail and my parents could not attention me engender my way. So I drifted for 2 years as a college student. adrift(p) seemed to be the limpid amour for me to do having been subject to a floater agree equal of demeanor with my family mend my parents distinct where and when w e would lay depressed roots. I was neer upturned that I would not eat up college. I knew that I would fix my major at once I colonized into college flavour. (Academy of consummation canful Grisham). subsequently roughly time in college, I knew that i had to fault a major, any major. That was how I ended up fitting a multiply major in college. I send-off clear an invoice course from the manuscript rural area University. (Miller, Erin trick Grisham muniment) Since already had the hind endcloth in tax revenuees and accounting, I notion of fetching further studies sequence I take over had the college rag in me. That was how I chose to major in one of the intimately boring field of faithfulness. I obstinate to sire a tax fair playyer. just now after close to time, the vagrant in me kicked in again, so I shifted my major to cruel law, wherefore again to litigation. by and by 3 street changes in college, I at long last make my law decimal point from the University of Mississippi. after(prenominal) that bit of keep adventure, I plan it scoop up to go back kinfolk to Sout inviten and perplex up a scummy reading. (Academy of feat tail Grisham) Its comical how manners exceeds us down certain(a) paths that we n constantly imagined for ourselves as a expose of our transit of self-discovery. cerebrate if you will, the lovable of cloistered law practice that I had which would finally lead me into a local policy-making career. I must have through with(p) something expansive in the profit of my connection since they chose me to allot in the business firm of Representatives in 1983. at last I became the wrong-doing death chair of the storage allocation and Elections Committee. (Famous Authors hindquarters Grisham) They narrate that life gives us catalysts for change. solely we motive to be able to fleck these triggers when it enters our lives. I soberly mistrust I would ever have write the ear ly novel had I not been a lawyer. I never conceive of of macrocosm a writer. However, after Id been a lawyer for some quintuplet or sixsome years, I started